Inverter reactors are key components in inverter circuits, primarily used to stabilize current, suppress harmonics, and improve power quality. Their operating principle is based on electromagnetic induction and the properties of inductance, playing a vital role in the conversion process between AC and DC.
An inverter reactor typically consists of an iron core and windings. Its core function is to smooth the current waveform by resisting changes in current through inductance. In an inverter circuit, DC power is converted to AC after high-frequency modulation by switching devices (such as IGBTs or MOSFETs). This process generates high-frequency harmonics and current spikes. Inverter reactors utilize their inductive properties to resist sudden current changes, making the output current smoother and reducing the impact on the load and the power grid.
Specifically, when the current in the inverter circuit changes, the reactor's iron core generates an electromotive force proportional to the rate of change of the current. According to Lenz's law, this electromotive force resists the change in current. Therefore, reactors can effectively filter out high-frequency noise and harmonics, improving power quality. In addition, it limits short-circuit current, protecting the inverter from overcurrent damage.
The design of an inverter reactor requires comprehensive consideration of factors such as inductance, saturation characteristics, and temperature rise. The core material is typically made of high-permeability silicon steel or amorphous alloy to reduce losses and improve efficiency. The number of turns and wire diameter of the winding are optimized based on the required inductance and current capacity.
In summary, inverter reactors utilize the principle of electromagnetic induction to provide filtering, current stabilization, and protection in inverter circuits. They are crucial components for ensuring the stable operation of power electronics systems. With the advancement of power electronics technology, the performance of inverter reactors is continuously improving to meet the demands of applications requiring higher efficiency and lower losses.